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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2009, p. 853-857, Vol. 75, No. 3
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02134-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Widespread Occurrence and Lateral Transfer of the Cyanobactin Biosynthesis Gene Cluster in Cyanobacteria {triangledown} ,{dagger}

Niina Leikoski, David P. Fewer, and Kaarina Sivonen*

Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Viikki Biocenter, Viikinkaari 9, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland

Received 15 September 2008/ Accepted 22 November 2008

Cyanobactins are small cyclic peptides produced by cyanobacteria. Here we demonstrate the widespread but sporadic occurrence of the cyanobactin biosynthetic pathway. We detected a cyanobactin biosynthetic gene in 48 of the 132 strains included in this study. Our results suggest that cyanobactin biosynthetic genes have a complex evolutionary history in cyanobacteria punctuated by a series of ancient horizontal gene transfer events.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: University of Helsinki, Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, Viikki Biocenter, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Phone: 358 9 19159270. Fax: 358 9 19159322. E-mail: kaarina.sivonen{at}helsinki.fi

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 1 December 2008.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aem.asm.org/.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2009, p. 853-857, Vol. 75, No. 3
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02134-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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