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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2009, p. 878-881, Vol. 75, No. 3
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01444-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

A 1.1-Kilobase Region Downstream of the bin Operon in Bacillus sphaericus Strain 2362 Decreases Bin Yield and Crystal Size in Strain 2297{triangledown}

Hyun-Woo Park,1* Mujin Tang,2 Yuko Sakano,2 and Brian A. Federici2,3

John A. Mulrennan, Sr., Public Health Entomology Research & Education Center, CESTA, Florida A&M University, Panama City, Florida 32405,1 Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521,2 Interdepartmental Graduate Programs in Cell, Molecular & Developmental Biology and Genetics, Genomics & Bioinformatics, University of California, Riverside, California 925213

Received 27 June 2008/ Accepted 25 November 2008

The 2297 strain of Bacillus sphaericus produces a crystal of the Bin (binary) toxin that is approximately fourfold larger than that of strain 2362, the strain currently used in VectoLex, a commercial mosquito larvicide. Comparison of the regions downstream from the bin operon in these two strains showed that strain 2362 contained a 1.6-kb region with four orf genes not found in strain 2297. Insertion of a 1.1-kb portion of this region from strain 2362 by homologous recombination downstream from the bin operon in strain 2297 reduced Bin toxin production by 50 to 70% and toxicity to fourth-instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus by 68%. These results suggest that the 1.6-kb region downstream from the bin operon in B. sphaericus 2362 is responsible for the lower Bin yield and smaller crystal size characteristic of this strain.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Public Health Entomology Center, Florida A&M University, 4000 Frankford Avenue, Panama City, FL 32405. Phone: (850) 872-4184, ext. 35. Fax: (850) 872-4733. E-mail: hyun-woo.park{at}famu.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 5 December 2008.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2009, p. 878-881, Vol. 75, No. 3
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01444-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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