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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2009, p. 1074-1079, Vol. 75, No. 4
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00983-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Potential To Reduce Escherichia coli Shedding in Cattle Feces by Using Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) Forage, Tested In Vitro and In Vivo{triangledown}

Natalie C. Berard,1 Richard A. Holley,2 Tim A. McAllister,3 Kim H. Ominski,1 Karin M. Wittenberg,1 Kristen S. Bouchard,1 Jenelle J. Bouchard,1 and Denis O. Krause1,4*

Departments of Animal Science,1 Food Science,2 Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba,4 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada3

Received 30 April 2008/ Accepted 14 November 2008

There is a growing concern about the presence of pathogens in cattle manure and its implications on human and environmental health. The phytochemical-rich forage sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) and purified phenolics (trans-cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid) were evaluated for their ability to reduce the viability of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains, including E. coli O157:H7. MICs were determined using purified phenolics and acetone extracts of sainfoin and alfalfa (Medicago sativa), a non-tannin-containing legume. Ground sainfoin or pure phenolics were mixed with fresh cattle feces and inoculated with a ciprofloxacin-resistant strain of E. coli, O157:H7, to assess its viability at –20°C, 5°C, or 37°C over 14 days. Forty steers were fed either a sainfoin (hay or silage) or alfalfa (hay or silage) diet over a 9-week period. In the in vitro study, the MICs for coumaric (1.2 mg/ml) and cinnamic (1.4 mg/ml) acids were 10- to 20-fold lower than the MICs for sainfoin and alfalfa extracts. In the inoculated feces, the –20°C treatment had death rates which were at least twice as high as those of the 5°C treatment, irrespective of the additive used. Sainfoin was less effective than coumaric acid in reducing E. coli O157:H7 Cipr in the inoculated feces. During the animal trial, fecal E. coli numbers declined marginally in the presence of sainfoin (silage and hay) and alfalfa silage but not in the presence of hay, indicating the presence of other phenolics in alfalfa. In conclusion, phenolic-containing forages can be used as a means of minimally reducing E. coli shedding in cattle without affecting animal production.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 12 Dafoe Rd., Animal Science Building, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2. Phone: (204) 474-6126. Fax: (204) 474-7628. E-mail: denis_krause{at}umanitoba.ca

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 19 December 2008.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2009, p. 1074-1079, Vol. 75, No. 4
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00983-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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