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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2009, p. 1080-1087, Vol. 75, No. 4
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01416-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Development of Chemically Defined Media Supporting High-Cell-Density Growth of Lactococci, Enterococci, and Streptococci{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Guiying Zhang,1,2 David A. Mills,2 and David E. Block2,3*

Department of Food Science and Technology,1 Department of Viticulture and Enology,2 Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 956163

Received 24 June 2008/ Accepted 5 December 2008

Lactococcus lactis IL1403 was used as an experimental strain to develop a chemically defined medium for study of the physiology and metabolic pathways of lactococci. An experimental leave-one-out technique was employed to determine the necessity of each of the 57 chemical components used in medium development. A statistical experimental design approach including three fractional factorial designs and a central composite design was used to optimize the fermentation process with 21 variables composed of 19 nutritional factors grouped from the 57 components and two environmental factors (initial pH and temperature). For L. lactis IL1403, the maximum biomass concentrations obtained with the two optimal chemically defined media developed in this study (ZMB1 and ZMB2) were generally 3.5- to 4-fold higher than the maximum biomass concentrations obtained with the previously described best synthetic media (SA) and 50% to 68% higher than the maximum biomass concentrations obtained with M17, a complex medium commonly used for lactococci. The new chemically defined media support high-cell-density growth of numerous strains of L. lactis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus thermophilus.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616. Phone: (530) 754-6046. Fax: (530) 752-0382. E-mail: deblock{at}ucdavis.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 12 December 2008.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aem.asm.org/.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2009, p. 1080-1087, Vol. 75, No. 4
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01416-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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