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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2009, p. 1229-1235, Vol. 75, No. 5
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02291-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Iron Requirement for Mn(II) Oxidation by Leptothrix discophora SS-1

Iman A. El Gheriany,¹ Daniela Bocioaga,² Anthony G. Hay,² William C. Ghiorse,² Michael L. Shuler,¹ and Leonard W. Lion^3*

School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,¹ Department of Microbiology,² School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853³

Received 6 October 2008/ Accepted 18 December 2008

A common form of biocatalysis of Mn(II) oxidation results in the formation of biogenic Mn(III, IV) oxides and is a key reaction in the geochemical cycling of Mn. In this study, we grew the model Mn(II)-oxidizing bacterium Leptothrix discophora SS-1 in media with limited iron (0.1 µM iron/5.8 mM pyruvate) and sufficient iron (0.2 µM iron/5.8 mM pyruvate). The influence of iron on the rate of extracellular Mn(II) oxidation was evaluated. Cultures in which cell growth was limited by iron exhibited reduced abilities to oxidize Mn(II) compared to cultures in medium with sufficient iron. While the extracellular Mn(II)-oxidizing factor (MOF) is thought to be a putative multicopper oxidase, Mn(II) oxidation in the presence of zero added Cu(II) was detected and the decrease in the observed Mn(II) oxidation rate in iron-limited cultures was not relieved when the medium was supplemented with Cu(II). The decline of Mn(II) oxidation under iron-limited conditions was not accompanied by siderophore production and is unlikely to be an artifact of siderophore complex formation with Mn(III). The temporal variations in mofA gene transcript levels under conditions of limited and abundant iron were similar, indicating that iron limitation did not interfere with the transcription of the mofA gene. Our quantitative PCR results provide a step forward in understanding the regulation of Mn(II) oxidation. The mechanistic role of iron in Mn(II) oxidation is uncertain; the data are consistent with a direct requirement for iron as a component of the MOF or an indirect effect of iron resulting from the limitation of one of many cellular functions requiring iron.

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* Corresponding author. Mailing address: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hollister Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Phone: (607) 255-7571. Fax: (607) 255-9004. E-mail: LWL3{at}cornell.edu

Published ahead of print on 29 December 2008.

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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2009, p. 1229-1235, Vol. 75, No. 5
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02291-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

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