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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2009, p. 2720-2726, Vol. 75, No. 9
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02738-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Effect of Iron Concentration on the Growth Rate of Pseudomonas syringae and the Expression of Virulence Factors in hrp-Inducing Minimal Medium{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Beum Jun Kim,1 Joon Ho Park,1,2 Tai Hyun Park,1,2 Philip A. Bronstein,3 David J. Schneider,3 Samuel W. Cartinhour,3 and Michael L. Shuler1,4*

School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853,1 School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Sillim-dong San 56-1, Seoul 151-744, South Korea,2 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Interactions, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853,3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 148534

Received 1 December 2008/ Accepted 27 February 2009

Although chemically defined media have been developed and widely used to study the expression of virulence factors in the model plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, it has been difficult to link specific medium components to the induction response. Using a chemostat system, we found that iron is the limiting nutrient for growth in the standard hrp-inducing minimal medium and plays an important role in inducing several virulence-related genes in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. With various concentrations of iron oxalate, growth was found to follow Monod-type kinetics for low to moderate iron concentrations. Observable toxicity due to iron began at 400 µM Fe3+. The kinetics of virulence factor gene induction can be expressed mathematically in terms of supplemented-iron concentration. We conclude that studies of induction of virulence-related genes in P. syringae should control iron levels carefully to reduce variations in the availability of this essential nutrient.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Cornell University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 115 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853. Phone: (607) 255-7577. Fax: (607) 255-7330. E-mail: mls50{at}cornell.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 6 March 2009.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aem.asm.org/.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2009, p. 2720-2726, Vol. 75, No. 9
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.02738-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Berti, A. D., Thomas, M. G. (2009). Analysis of Achromobactin Biosynthesis by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a. J. Bacteriol. 191: 4594-4604 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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