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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2009, p. 2982-2986, Vol. 75, No. 9
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01765-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Global Distribution and Evolution of a Toxinogenic Burkholderia-Rhizopus Symbiosis{triangledown},{dagger}

Gerald Lackner,1 Nadine Möbius,1 Kirstin Scherlach,1 Laila P. Partida-Martinez,1,{ddagger} Robert Winkler,1,{ddagger} Imke Schmitt,1,§ and Christian Hertweck1,2*

Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany,1 Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany2

Received 31 July 2008/ Accepted 25 February 2009

Toxinogenic endobacteria were isolated from a collection of Rhizopus spp. representing highly diverse geographic origins and ecological niches. All endosymbionts belonged to the Burkholderia rhizoxinica complex according to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight biotyping and multilocus sequence typing, suggesting a common ancestor. Comparison of host and symbiont phylogenies provides insights into possible cospeciation and horizontal-transmission events.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany. Phone: 49-3641-5321100. Fax: 49-3641-5320804. E-mail: Christian.Hertweck{at}hki-jena.de

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 13 March 2009.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://aem.asm.org/.

{ddagger} Present address: Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64849, México.

§ Present address: Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2009, p. 2982-2986, Vol. 75, No. 9
0099-2240/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.01765-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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