Effect of UV-C and monochloramine on early protein expression and DNA replication of adenovirus serotype 2

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Department of Microbiology; Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: marinas{at}uiuc.edu.

	Abstract

The mechanisms of adenovirus serotype 2 inactivation with either ultraviolet (UV) light (with narrow emission spectra centered at 254 nm) or monochloramine were investigated by assessing the potential inhibition of two key steps of the adenovirus life cycle, namely E1A protein synthesis and viral genomic replication. E1A early protein synthesis was assayed by using immunoblotting, while the replication of viral DNA was analyzed by using slot blotting. Disinfection experiments were performed in phosphate buffer solutions at pH 8, and room temperature (UV) or 20°C (monochloramine). Experimental results revealed that normalized E1A levels at 12 h post-infection (p.i.) were statistically the same as the corresponding decrease in survival ratio for both UV and monochloramine disinfection. Normalized DNA levels at 24 h p.i. were also found to be statistically the same as the corresponding decrease in survival ratio for monochloramine disinfection. In contrast, for UV disinfection, genomic DNA levels were much lower than E1A or survival ratios, possibly a result of a delay in DNA replication for UV-treated virions compared to that for controls. Future efforts will determine the pre-E1A synthesis step in the adenovirus life cycle affected by exposure to UV and monochloramine, with the goal of identifying the viral molecular target of these two disinfectants.