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Appl. Environ. Microbiol., Jun 1996, 1935-1943, Vol 62, No. 6
J Borneman, PW Skroch, KM O'Sullivan, JA Palus, NG Rumjanek, JL Jansen, J Nienhuis and EW Triplett
A culture-independent survey of the soil microbial diversity in a
clover-grass pasture in southern Wisconsin was conducted by sequence
analysis of a universal clone library of genes coding for small-subunit
rRNA (rDNA). A rapid and efficient method for extraction of DNA from soils
which resulted in highly purified DNA with minimal shearing was developed.
Universal small-subunit-rRNA primers were used to amplify DNA extracted
from the pasture soil. The PCR products were cloned into pGEM-T, and either
hypervariable or conserved regions were sequenced. The relationships of 124
sequences to those of cultured organisms of known phylogeny were
determined. Of the 124 clones sequenced, 98.4% were from the domain
Bacteria. Two of the rDNA sequences were derived from eukaryotic
organelles. Two of the 124 sequences were of nuclear origin, one being
fungal and the other a plant sequence. No sequences of the domain Archaea
were found. Within the domain, Bacteria, three kingdoms were highly
represented: the Proteobacteria (16.1%), the
Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides group (21.8%), and the low G+C- content
gram-positive group (21.8%). Some kingdoms, such as the Thermotogales, the
green nonsulfur group, Fusobacteria, and the Spirochaetes, were absent. A
large number of the sequences (39.4%) were distributed among several clades
that are not among the major taxa described by Olsen et al. (G.J. Olsen,
C.R. Woese, and R. Overbeek, J. Bacteriol., 176:1-6, 1994). From the
alignments of the sequence data, distance matrices were calculated to
display the enormous microbial diversity found in this soil in two ways, as
phylogenetic trees and as multidimensional-scaling plots.
Copyright © 1996, American Society for Microbiology
Molecular microbial diversity of an agricultural soil in Wisconsin
Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706, USA.
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