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Appl. Environ. Microbiol., Oct 1997, 3825-3830, Vol 63, No. 10
Copyright © 1997, American Society for Microbiology

Novel detoxification of the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol by a soil bacterium isolated by enrichment culture

J Shima, S Takase, Y Takahashi, Y Iwai, H Fujimoto, M Yamazaki and K Ochi
National Food Research Institute, Ibaraki, Japan.

A mixed microbial culture capable of metabolizing deoxynivalenol was obtained from soil samples by an enrichment culture procedure. A bacterium (strain E3-39) isolated from the enrichment culture completely removed exogenously supplied deoxynivalenol from culture medium after incubation for 1 day. On the basis of morphological, physiological, and phylogenetic studies, strain E3-39 was classified as a bacterium belonging to the Agrobacterium-Rhizobium group. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis indicated the presence of one major and two minor metabolites of deoxynivalenol in ethyl acetate extracts of the E3- 39 culture filtrates. The main metabolite was identified as 3-keto-4- deoxynivalenol by mass spectroscopy and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The immunosuppressive toxicity of 3-keto-4- deoxynivalenol was evaluated by means of a bioassay based on the mitogen-induced and mitogen-free proliferations of mouse spleen lymphocytes. This compound exhibited a remarkably decreased (to less than one tenth) immunosuppressive toxicity relative to deoxynivalenol, indicating that the 3-OH group in deoxynivalenol is likely to be involved in exerting its immunosuppressive toxicity. Strain E3-39 was also capable of transforming 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol but not nivalenol and fusarenon-X.

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