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Appl. Environ. Microbiol., May 1997, 2022-2028, Vol 63, No. 5
Copyright © 1997, American Society for Microbiology

Precipitation of Arsenic Trisulfide by Desulfotomaculum auripigmentum

DK Newman, TJ Beveridge and FMM Morel
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544; and Department of Microbiology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1

A newly discovered bacterium, Desulfotomaculum auripigmentum, precipitates arsenic trisulfide (As(inf2)S(inf3)). Precipitation of As(inf2)S(inf3) by this organism results from its reduction of As(V) to As(III) and S(VI) to S(-II). At the As(III) concentration range of interest (0.1 to 1 mM), the stability of As(inf2)S(inf3) is highly sensitive to pH and [S(-II)]. Thus, the relative rates at which D. auripigmentum reduces As(V) and S(VI) are critical to its formation of As(inf2)S(inf3). Other As(V)- or S(VI)-reducing bacteria are unable to precipitate As(inf2)S(inf3) either due to their inability to reduce both As(V) and S(VI) or because they reduce S(VI) too rapidly. Electron microscopy of thin sections showed that the precipitate forms both intra- and extracellularly. Microbial As(inf2)S(inf3) formation nucleates precipitation of the mineral in the bulk milieu, whereas heat-killed cells alone do not serve as templates for its formation. Precipitation of As(inf2)S(inf3) by D. auripigmentum suggests that As(inf2)S(inf3) formation may be important in the biogeochemical cycle of arsenic.


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