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Appl Environ Microbiol, January 1998, p. 238-245, Vol. 64, No. 1
0099-2240/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Effect of Metal-Rich Sludge Amendments on the Soil
Microbial Community
Erland
Bååth,1,*
Montserrat
Díaz-Raviña,1,
Åsa
Frostegård,1 and
Colin D.
Campbell2
Department of Microbial Ecology, Lund
University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden,1 and
Soil Science Group, Macaulay Land Use Research Institute,
Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, United Kingdom2
Received 2 July 1997/Accepted 15 October 1997
The effects of heavy-metal-containing sewage sludge on the soil
microbial community were studied in two agricultural soils of different
textures, which had been contaminated separately with three
predominantly single metals (Cu, Zn, and Ni) at two different levels
more than 20 years ago. We compared three community-based microbiological measurements, namely, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA)
analysis to reveal changes in species composition, the Biolog system to
indicate metabolic fingerprints of microbial communities, and the
thymidine incorporation technique to measure bacterial community
tolerance. In the Luddington soil, bacterial community tolerance
increased in all metal treatments compared to an
unpolluted-sludge-treated control soil. Community tolerance to specific
metals increased the most when the same metal was added to the soil;
for example, tolerance to Cu increased most in Cu-polluted treatments.
A dose-response effect was also evident. There were also indications of
cotolerance to metals whose concentration had not been elevated by the
sludge treatment. The PLFA pattern changed in all metal treatments, but
the interpretation was complicated by the soil moisture content, which
also affected the results. The Biolog measurements indicated similar
effects of metals and moisture to the PLFA measurements, but due to
high variation between replicates, no significant differences compared
to the uncontaminated control were found. In the Lee Valley soil,
significant increases in community tolerance were found for the high
levels of Cu and Zn, while the PLFA pattern was significantly altered
for the soils with high levels of Cu, Ni, and Zn. No effects on the
Biolog measurements were found in this soil.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Microbial Ecology, Ecology Building, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden. Phone: (46) 46-222 42 64. Fax: (46) 46-222 41 58. E-mail: erland.baath{at}mbioekol.lu.se.

Present address: Plant Biology and Soil Science Department, Vigo
University, 32004 Orense, Spain.
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