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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 1998, p. 3620-3625, Vol. 64, No. 10
0099-2240/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Study of Toxin Production by Isolates of Stachybotrys chartarum and Memnoniella echinata Isolated during a Study of Pulmonary Hemosiderosis in Infants

Bruce B. Jarvis,1 W. G. Sorenson,2,* Eeva-Liisa Hintikka,3 Marjo Nikulin,4 Yihong Zhou,1 Jian Jiang,1 Shengun Wang,1 Simon Hinkley,1 Ruth A. Etzel,5 and D. Dearborn6

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Joint Institute Food Safety and Nutrition, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 207421; Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 265052; National Veterinary and Food Research Institute,3 and Department of Microbiology and Epizootology, College of Veterinary Medicine,4 Helsinki, Finland; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 303415; and Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 441066

Received 26 March 1998/Accepted 21 July 1998

A cluster of cases of pulmonary hemosiderosis among infants was reported in Cleveland, Ohio, during 1993 and 1994. These unusual cases appeared only in infants ranging in age from 1 to 8 months and were characterized by pulmonary hemorrhage, which caused the babies to cough up blood. A case-control study identified major home water damage (from plumbing leaks, roof leaks, or flooding) as a risk factor for development of pulmonary hemorrhage in these infants. Because of an interest in the possibility that trichothecene mycotoxins might be involved in this illness, a number of isolates of Stachybotrys chartarum were grown in the laboratory on rice, and extracts were prepared and analyzed both for cytotoxicity and for specific toxins. Two isolates of Memnoniella echinata, a fungus closely related to S. chartarum, were also included in these studies. S. chartarum isolates collected from the homes were shown to produce a number of highly toxic compounds, and the profiles of toxic compounds from M. echinata were similar; the most notable difference was the fact that the principal metabolites produced by M. echinata were griseofulvins.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: NIOSH/DRDS, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505. Phone: (304) 285-5797. Fax: (304) 285-5861. E-mail: wgs1{at}cdc.gov.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 1998, p. 3620-3625, Vol. 64, No. 10
0099-2240/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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