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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 1998, p. 2943-2951, Vol. 64, No. 8
0099-2240/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria and Their Activities in Cyanobacterial Mats of Solar Lake (Sinai, Egypt)

Andreas Teske,1,* Niels B. Ramsing,1,dagger Kirsten Habicht,1 Manabu Fukui,2 Jan Küver,1 Bo Barker Jørgensen,1 and Yehuda Cohen3

Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany1; National Institute for Resources and Environment, AIST/MITI, Onogawa 13-6, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan2; and Moshe Shilo Center for Marine Biogeochemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel3

Received 15 December 1997/Accepted 18 May 1998

The sulfate-reducing bacteria within the surface layer of the hypersaline cyanobacterial mat of Solar Lake (Sinai, Egypt) were investigated with combined microbiological, molecular, and biogeochemical approaches. The diurnally oxic surface layer contained between 106 and 107 cultivable sulfate-reducing bacteria ml-1 and showed sulfate reduction rates between 1,000 and 2,200 nmol ml-1 day-1, both in the same range as and sometimes higher than those in anaerobic deeper mat layers. In the oxic surface layer and in the mat layers below, filamentous sulfate-reducing Desulfonema bacteria were found in variable densities of 104 to 106 cells ml-1. A Desulfonema-related, diurnally migrating bacterium was detected with PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis within and below the oxic surface layer. Facultative aerobic respiration, filamentous morphology, motility, diurnal migration, and aggregate formation were the most conspicuous adaptations of Solar Lake sulfate-reducing bacteria to the mat matrix and to diurnal oxygen stress. A comparison of sulfate reduction rates within the mat and previously published photosynthesis rates showed that CO2 from sulfate reduction in the upper 5 mm accounted for 7 to 8% of the total photosynthetic CO2 demand of the mat.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Biology Department, Redfield Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543. Phone: (508) 289-2307. Fax: (508) 457-2134. E-mail: ateske{at}whoi.edu.

dagger Present address: Department of Microbial Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 1998, p. 2943-2951, Vol. 64, No. 8
0099-2240/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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