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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 1999, p. 4601-4605, Vol. 65, No. 10
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Production of Chymotrypsin-Resistant Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Aa1 -Endotoxin by Protein Engineering

Mongkon Audtho,¹ Algimantas P. Valaitis,² Oscar Alzate,³ and Donald H. Dean^1,*

Department of Biochemistry¹ and Biophysics Program,³ The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Northeastern Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, Delaware, Ohio 43015²

Received 1 February 1999/Accepted 18 June 1999

Cleavage of the Cry2Aa1 protoxin (molecular mass, 63 kDa) from Bacillus thuringiensis by midgut juice of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larvae resulted in two major protein fragments: a 58-kDa fragment which was highly toxic to the insect and a 49-kDa fragment which was not toxic. In the midgut juice, the protoxin was processed into a 58-kDa toxin within 1 min, but after digestion for 1 h, the 58-kDa fragment was further cleaved within domain I, resulting in the protease-resistant 49-kDa fragment. Both the 58-kDa and nontoxic 49-kDa fragments were also found in vivo when ¹²⁵I-labeled toxin was fed to the insects. N-terminal sequencing revealed that the protease cleavage sites are at the C termini of Tyr49 and Leu144 for the active fragment and the smaller fragment, respectively. To prevent the production of the nontoxic fragment during midgut processing, five mutant proteins were constructed by replacing Leu144 of the toxin with Asp (L144D), Ala (L144A), Gly (L144G), His (L144H), or Val (L144V) by using a pair of complementary mutagenic oligonucleotides in PCR. All of the mutant proteins were highly resistant to the midgut proteases and chymotrypsin. Digestion of the mutant proteins by insect midgut extract and chymotrypsin produced only the active 58-kDa fragment, except that L144H was partially cleaved at residue 144.

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^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210-1292. Phone: (614) 292-8829. Fax: (614) 292-6773. E-mail: dean.10{at}osu.edu.

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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 1999, p. 4601-4605, Vol. 65, No. 10
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

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