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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 1999, p. 1078-1082, Vol. 65, No. 3
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Decolorization and Detoxification of Extraction-Stage Effluent from Chlorine Bleaching of Kraft Pulp by Rhizopus oryzae

R. Nagarathnamma1 and Pratima Bajpai2,*

School of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology,1 and Chemical Engineering Division, Thapar Corporate Research & Development Centre,2 Patiala 147 001, India

Received 22 June 1998/Accepted 16 December 1998

Rhizopus oryzae, a zygomycete, was found to decolorize, dechlorinate, and detoxify bleach plant effluent at lower cosubstrate concentrations than the basidiomycetes previously investigated. With glucose at 1 g/liter, this fungus removed 92 to 95% of the color, 50% of the chemical oxygen demand, 72% of the adsorbable organic halide, and 37% of the extractable organic halide in 24 h at temperatures of 25 to 45°C and a pH of 3 to 5. Even without added cosubstrate the fungus removed up to 78% of the color. Monomeric chlorinated aromatic compounds were removed almost completely, and toxicity to zebra fish was eliminated. The fungal mycelium could be immobilized in polyurethane foam and used repeatedly to treat batches of effluent. The residue after treatment was not further improved by exposure to fresh R. oryzae mycelium.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Chemical Engineering Division, Thapar Corporate Research and Development Centre, Patiala 147 001, India. Phone: 0175-393566. Fax: 0175-212002. E-mail: pratima{at}tcrdcpt.ren.nic.in.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 1999, p. 1078-1082, Vol. 65, No. 3
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.




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