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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 1999, p. 2485-2491, Vol. 65, No. 6
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Structures and Properties of Gellan Polymers Produced by Sphingomonas paucimobilis ATCC 31461 from Lactose Compared with Those Produced from Glucose and from Cheese Whey

Arsénio M. Fialho,1 Lígia O. Martins,1 Marie-Lucie Donval,1 Jorge H. Leitão,1 Michael J. Ridout,2 Andrew J. Jay,2 Victor J. Morris,2 and Isabel Sá-Correia1,*

Centro de Engenharia Biológica e Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal,1 and Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, United Kingdom2

Received 22 December 1998/Accepted 25 March 1999

The dairy industry produces large quantities of whey as a by-product of cheese production and is increasingly looking for new ways to utilize this waste product. Gellan gum is reliably produced by Sphingomonas paucimobilis in growth media containing lactose, a significant component of cheese whey, as a carbon source. We studied and compared polysaccharide biosynthesis by S. paucimobilis ATCC 31461 in media containing glucose, lactose (5 to 30 g/liter), and sweet cheese whey. We found that altering the growth medium can markedly affect the polysaccharide yield, acyl substitution level, polymer rheological properties, and susceptibility to degradation. Depression of gellan production from lactose compared with gellan production from glucose (approximately 30%) did not appear to occur at the level of synthesis of sugar nucleotides, which are the donors of monomers used for biosynthesis of the repetitive tetrasaccharide unit of gellan. The lactose-derived biopolymer had the highest total acyl content; the glucose- and whey-derived gellans had similar total acyl contents but differed markedly in their acetate and glycerate levels. Rheological studies revealed how the functionality of a gellan polysaccharide is affected by changes in the acyl substitution.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Centro de Engenharia Biológica e Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal. Phone: 351-1-8417682. Fax: 351-1-8480072. E-mail: pcisc{at}alfa.ist.utl.pt.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 1999, p. 2485-2491, Vol. 65, No. 6
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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