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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 1999, p. 2631-2635, Vol. 65, No. 6
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Effect of Organic Solvents on the Yield of Solvent-Tolerant Pseudomonas putida S12

Sonja Isken,* Antoine Derks, Petra F. G. Wolffs, and Jan A. M. de Bont

Division of Industrial Microbiology, Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences, Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

Received 14 December 1998/Accepted 23 March 1999

Solvent-tolerant microorganisms are useful in biotransformations with whole cells in two-phase solvent-water systems. The results presented here describe the effects that organic solvents have on the growth of these organisms. The maximal growth rate of Pseudomonas putida S12, 0.8 h-1, was not affected by toluene in batch cultures, but in chemostat cultures the solvent decreased the maximal growth rate by nearly 50%. Toluene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, xylene, hexane, and cyclohexane reduced the biomass yield, and this effect depended on the concentration of the solvent in the bacterial membrane and not on its chemical structure. The dose response to solvents in terms of yield was linear up to an approximately 200 mM concentration of solvent in the bacterial membrane, both in the wild type and in a mutant lacking an active efflux system for toluene. Above this critical concentration the yield of the wild type remained constant at 0.2 g of protein/g of glucose with increasing concentrations of toluene. The reduction of the yield in the presence of solvents is due to a maintenance higher by a factor of three or four as well as to a decrease of the maximum growth yield by 33%. Therefore, energy-consuming adaptation processes as well as the uncoupling effect of the solvents reduce the yield of the tolerant cells.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Industrial Microbiology, Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences, Wageningen Agricultural University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands. Phone: 31 317 484412. Fax: 31 317 484978. E-mail: Sonja.Isken{at}imb.ftns.wau.nl.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 1999, p. 2631-2635, Vol. 65, No. 6
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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