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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 1999, p. 3033-3041, Vol. 65, No. 7
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

The groESL Chaperone Operon of Lactobacillus johnsoniidagger

D. Carey Walker,1,Dagger Hany S. Girgis,2 and Todd R. Klaenhammer1,2,*

Departments of Microbiology1 and Food Science,2 Southeast Dairy Foods Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7624

Received 30 November 1998/Accepted 23 March 1999

The Lactobacillus johnsonii VPI 11088 groESL operon was localized on the chromosome near the insertion element IS1223. The operon was initially cloned as a series of three overlapping PCR fragments, which were sequenced and used to design primers to amplify the entire operon. The amplified fragment was used as a probe to recover the chromosomal copy of the groESL operon from a partial library of L. johnsonii VPI 11088 (NCK88) DNA, cloned in the shuttle vector pTRKH2. The 2,253-bp groESL fragment contained three putative open reading frames, two of which encoded the ubiquitous GroES and GroEL chaperone proteins. Analysis of the groESL promoter region revealed three transcription initiation sites, as well as three sets of inverted repeats (IR) positioned between the transcription and translation start sites. Two of the three IR sets bore significant homology to the CIRCE elements, implicated in negative regulation of the heat shock response in many bacteria. Northern analysis and primer extension revealed that multiple temperature-sensitive promoters preceded the groESL chaperone operon, suggesting that stress protein production in L. johnsonii is strongly regulated. Maximum groESL transcription activity was observed following a shift to 55°C, and a 15 to 30-min exposure of log-phase cells to this temperature increased the recovery of freeze-thawed L. johnsonii VPI 11088. These results suggest that a brief, preconditioning heat shock can be used to trigger increased chaperone production and provide significant cross-protection from the stresses imposed during the production of frozen culture concentrates.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Food Science, Box 7624, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7624. Phone: (919) 515-2971. Fax: (919) 515-7124. E-mail: klaenhammer{at}ncsu.edu.

dagger Paper FSR98-38 of the Journal Series of the Department of Food Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh.

Dagger Present address: Nestle Research Center, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 1999, p. 3033-3041, Vol. 65, No. 7
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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