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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 1999, p. 3668-3673, Vol. 65, No. 8
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Sporogenic Effect of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Development of Aspergillus spp.

Ana M. Calvo,1 Lori L. Hinze,1 Harold W. Gardner,2 and Nancy P. Keller1,*

Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2132,1 and USDA ARS National Center for Agriculture Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois 616042

Received 21 January 1999/Accepted 18 May 1999

Aspergillus spp. are frequently occurring seed-colonizing fungi that complete their disease cycles through the development of asexual spores, which function as inocula, and through the formation of cleistothecia and sclerotia. We found that development of all three of these structures in Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus parasiticus is affected by linoleic acid and light. The specific morphological effects of linoleic acid include induction of precocious and increased asexual spore development in A. flavus and A. parasiticus strains and altered sclerotium production in some A. flavus strains in which sclerotium production decreases in the light but increases in the dark. In A. nidulans, both asexual spore production and sexual spore production were altered by linoleic acid. Spore development was induced in all three species by hydroperoxylinoleic acids, which are linoleic acid derivatives that are produced during fungal colonization of seeds. The sporogenic effects of these linoleic compounds on A. nidulans are similar to the sporogenic effects of A. nidulans psi factor, an endogenous mixture of hydroxylinoleic acid moieties. Light treatments also significantly increased asexual spore production in all three species. The sporogenic effects of light, linoleic acid, and linoleic acid derivatives on A. nidulans required an intact veA gene. The sporogenic effects of light and linoleic acid on Aspergillus spp., as well as members of other fungal genera, suggest that these factors may be significant environmental signals for fungal development.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132. Phone: (409) 845-0963. Fax: (409) 845-6483. E-mail: n-keller{at}tamu.edu.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 1999, p. 3668-3673, Vol. 65, No. 8
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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