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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 1999, p. 3810-3819, Vol. 65, No. 9
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Transformation of Sulfur Compounds by an Abundant
Lineage of Marine Bacteria in the
-Subclass of the Class
Proteobacteria
José M.
González,1,*
Ronald P.
Kiene,2 and
Mary Ann
Moran1
Department of Marine Sciences, University of
Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602,1 and
Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama,
Mobile, Alabama 366882
Received 14 April 1999/Accepted 23 June 1999
Members of a group of marine bacteria that is numerically important
in coastal seawater and sediments were characterized with respect to
their ability to transform organic and inorganic sulfur compounds.
Fifteen strains representing the Roseobacter group (a
phylogenetic cluster of marine bacteria in the
-subclass of the
class Proteobacteria) were isolated from seawater,
primarily from the southeastern United States. Although more than
one-half of the isolates were obtained without any selection for sulfur metabolism, all of the isolates were able to degrade the
sulfur-containing osmolyte dimethyl sulfoniopropionate (DMSP) with
production of dimethyl sulfide (DMS). Five isolates also degraded DMSP
with production of methanethiol, indicating that both cleavage and demethylation pathways for DMSP occurred in the same organism, which is
unusual. Five isolates were able to reduce dimethyl sulfoxide to DMS,
and several isolates also degraded DMS and methanethiol. Sulfite
oxygenase activity and methanesulfonic acid oxygenase activity were
also present in some of the isolates. The ability to incorporate the
reduced sulfur in DMSP and methanethiol into cellular material was
studied with one of the isolates. A group-specific 16S rRNA probe
indicated that the relative abundance of uncultured bacteria in the
Roseobacter group increased in seawater enriched with DMSP
or DMS. Because this group typically accounts for >10% of the 16S
ribosomal DNA pool in coastal seawater and sediments of the southern
United States, clues about its potential biogeochemical role are of
particular interest. Studies of culturable representatives suggested
that the group could mediate a number of steps in the cycling of both
organic and inorganic forms of sulfur in marine environments.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. Phone: (706) 542-5900. Fax: (706) 542-5888. E-mail:
gonzalez{at}arches.uga.edu.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 1999, p. 3810-3819, Vol. 65, No. 9
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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