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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2000, p. 2062-2065, Vol. 66, No. 5
Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing
Agricultural University, Nanjing, China,1 and
Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural
Utilization Research, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Peoria,
Illinois 616042
Received 9 August 1999/Accepted 28 January 2000
Most Fusarium graminearum isolates produce low or
undetectable levels of trichothecenes in liquid shake cultures, making
it difficult to perform biochemical studies of trichothecene
biosynthesis. To develop strains with higher levels of trichothecene
production under liquid shake conditions we transformed F. graminearum with both a reporter gene containing a homologous
trichothecene pathway gene promoter (TRI5) and a gene
encoding a heterologous trichothecene pathway transcription factor
(TRI6). The TRI5 and TRI6 genes are part of the trichothecene pathway gene clusters of both Fusarium sporotrichioides and F. graminearum. These genes
encode trichodiene synthase (encoded by TRI5), the first
enzyme in the trichothecene pathway, and a transcription factor
(encoded by TRI6) required for pathway gene expression.
Transformation of F. graminearum with plasmids containing
either an F. graminearum TRI5 promoter fragment
(FGTRI5P) or FGTRI5P
coupled with the
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
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Altered Regulation of 15-Acetyldeoxynivalenol
Production in Fusarium graminearum
-D-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene
resulted in the identification of several transformants capable of
producing 45 to 200 mg of 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON)/liter in
liquid shake culture after 7 days. Increased 15-ADON production was
only observed in transformants where plasmid integration occurred
through the FGTRI5P sequence and was not
accompanied by increased GUS expression. 15-ADON production was further
increased in liquid culture up to 1,200 mg/liter following introduction
of the F. sporotrichioides TRI6 gene (FSTRI16)
into F. graminearum. The effects of FSTRI6 on
15-ADON production also depended on plasmid integration via homologous
recombination of the FGTRI5P fragment and
resulted in a 100-fold increase in GUS expression. High-level
production of 15-ADON in liquid shake cultures provides a convenient
method for large-scale trichothecene preparation. The results suggest
that targeting transformation vector integration to
FGTRI5P alters pathway gene expression and are
consistent with the proposed conservation of TRI6 function between
Fusarium species.
*
Corresponding author. Present address: Novartis
Agribusiness Biotechnology Research, Inc., 3054 Cornwallis Rd.,
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Phone: (919) 597-3043. Fax: (919)
541-8585. E-mail: tom.hohn{at}nabri.novartis.com.
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