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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2000, p. 2791-2796, Vol. 66, No. 7
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Production of Volatile Derivatives of Metal(loid)s by Microflora Involved in Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge

K. Michalke,1 E. B. Wickenheiser,2 M. Mehring,1 A. V. Hirner,3 and R. Hensel1,*

Department of Microbiology1 and Institute of Environmental Analytical Chemistry,3 University of Essen, D-45117 Essen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, Michigan 498552

Received 15 December 1999/Accepted 13 April 2000

Gases released from anaerobic wastewater treatment facilities contain considerable amounts of volatile methyl and hydride derivatives of metals and metalloids, such as arsine (AsH3), monomethylarsine, dimethylarsine, trimethylarsine, trimethylbismuth (TMBi), elemental mercury (Hg0), trimethylstibine, dimethyltellurium, and tetramethyltin. Most of these compounds could be shown to be produced by pure cultures of microorganisms which are representatives of the anaerobic sewage sludge microflora, i.e., methanogenic archaea (Methanobacterium formicicum, Methanosarcina barkeri, Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum), sulfate-reducing bacteria (Desulfovibrio vulgaris, D. gigas), and a peptolytic bacterium (Clostridium collagenovorans). Additionally, dimethylselenium and dimethyldiselenium could be detected in the headspace of most of the pure cultures. This is the first report of the production of TMBi, stibine, monomethylstibine, and dimethylstibine by a pure culture of M. formicicum.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, University of Essen, Universitaetsstr. 4, D-45177 Essen, Germany. Phone: 49-201-183-3442. Fax: 49-201-183-3990. E-mail: r.hensel{at}uni-essen.de.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2000, p. 2791-2796, Vol. 66, No. 7
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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