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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 2001, p. 2610-2616, Vol. 67, No. 6
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.6.2610-2616.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Cloning of a Phenol Oxidase Gene from Acremonium murorum and Its Expression in Aspergillus awamori

Robin J. Gouka,* Monique van der Heiden, Ton Swarthoff, and C. Theo Verrips

Biotechnology Group, Unilever Research Vlaardingen, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands

Received 16 November 2000/Accepted 6 March 2001

Fungal multicopper oxidases have many potential industrial applications, since they perform reactions under mild conditions. We isolated a phenol oxidase from the fungus Acremonium murorum var. murorum that was capable of decolorizing plant chromophores (such as anthocyanins). This enzyme is of interest in laundry-cleaning products because of its broad specificity for chromophores. We expressed an A. murorum cDNA library in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and subsequently identified enzyme-producing yeast colonies based on their ability to decolor a plant chromophore. The cDNA sequence contained an open reading frame of 1,806 bp encoding an enzyme of 602 amino acids. The phenol oxidase was overproduced by Aspergillus awamori as a fusion protein with glucoamylase, cleaved in vivo, and purified from the culture broth by hydrophobic-interaction chromatography. The phenol oxidase is active at alkaline pH (the optimum for syringaldazine is pH 9) and high temperature (optimum, 60°C) and is fully stable for at least 1 h at 60°C under alkaline conditions. These characteristics and the high production level of 0.6 g of phenol oxidase per liter in shake flasks, which is equimolar with the glucoamylase protein levels, make this enzyme suitable for use in processes that occur under alkaline conditions, such as laundry cleaning.


* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Biotechnology Group, Unilever Research Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands. Phone: 31 104605263. Fax: 31 104605383. E-mail: robin.gouka{at}unilever.com.


Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 2001, p. 2610-2616, Vol. 67, No. 6
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.6.2610-2616.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.



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