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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2001, p. 4048-4056, Vol. 67, No. 9
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.9.4048-4056.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium DT104 Displays a Rugose Phenotype†

Yuda A. Anriany,1 Ronald M. Weiner,1 Judith A. Johnson,2 Christian E. De Rezende,1 and Sam W. Joseph1,*

Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742,1 and Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland 212012

Received 27 December 2000/Accepted 27 June 2001

Rugose phenotypes, such as those observed in Vibrio cholerae, have increased resistance to chlorine, oxidative stress, and complement-mediated killing. In this study we identified and defined a rugose phenotype in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 and showed induction only on certain media at 25°C after 3 days of incubation. Incubation at 37°C resulted in the appearance of the smooth phenotype. Observation of the ultrastructure of the rugose form and a stable smooth variant (Stv), which was isolated following a series of passages of the rugose cells, revealed extracellular substances only in cells from the rugose colony. Observation of the extracellular substance by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was correlated with the appearance of corrugation during development of rugose colony morphology over a 4-day incubation period at 25°C. In addition, the cells also formed a pellicle in liquid broth, which was associated with the appearance of interlacing slime and fibrillar structures, as observed by SEM. The pellicle-forming cells were completely surrounded by capsular material, which bound cationic ferritin, thus indicating the presence of an extracellular anionic component. The rugose cells, in contrast to Stv, showed resistance to low pH and hydrogen peroxide and an ability to form biofilms. Based on these results and analogy to the rugose phenotype in V. cholerae, we propose a possible role for the rugose phenotype in the survival of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Microbiology Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742. Phone: (301) 405-5452. Fax: (301) 314-9489. E-mail: sj13{at}umail.umd.edu.

dagger The electron microscopy work described herein is contribution number 96 from the Laboratory of Biological Ultrastructure at the University of Maryland, College Park.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2001, p. 4048-4056, Vol. 67, No. 9
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.9.4048-4056.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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