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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2002, p. 235-244, Vol. 68, No. 1
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.1.235-244.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Single-Base-Pair Discrimination of Terminal Mismatches by Using Oligonucleotide Microarrays and Neural Network Analyses

Hidetoshi Urakawa,1 Peter A. Noble,1 Said El Fantroussi,1 John J. Kelly,2 and David A. Stahl1*

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195,1 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 602082

Received 4 June 2001/ Accepted 25 October 2001

The effects of single-base-pair near-terminal and terminal mismatches on the dissociation temperature (Td) and signal intensity of short DNA duplexes were determined by using oligonucleotide microarrays and neural network (NN) analyses. Two perfect-match probes and 29 probes having a single-base-pair mismatch at positions 1 to 5 from the 5' terminus of the probe were designed to target one of two short sequences representing 16S rRNA. Nonequilibrium dissociation rates (i.e., melting profiles) of all probe-target duplexes were determined simultaneously. Analysis of variance revealed that position of the mismatch, type of mismatch, and formamide concentration significantly affected the Td and signal intensity. Increasing the concentration of formamide in the washing buffer decreased the Td and signal intensity, and it decreased the variability of the signal. Although Tds of probe-target duplexes with mismatches in the first or second position were not significantly different from one another, duplexes with mismatches in the third to fifth positions had significantly lower Tds than those with mismatches in the first or second position. The trained NNs predicted the Td with high accuracies (R2 = 0.93). However, the NNs predicted the signal intensity only moderately accurately (R2 = 0.67), presumably due to increased noise in the signal intensity at low formamide concentrations. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the concentration of formamide explained most (75%) of the variability in Tds, followed by position of the mismatch (19%) and type of mismatch (6%). The results suggest that position of the mismatch at or near the 5' terminus plays a greater role in determining the Td and signal intensity of duplexes than the type of mismatch.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 302 More Hall, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195. Phone: (206) 685-3464. Fax: (206) 685-9185. E-mail: dastahl{at}u.washington.edu.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2002, p. 235-244, Vol. 68, No. 1
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.1.235-244.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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