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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2002, p. 5336-5341, Vol. 68, No. 11
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.11.5336-5341.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Biodegradation of Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine and Its Mononitroso Derivative Hexahydro-1-Nitroso-3,5-Dinitro-1,3,5-Triazine by Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain SCZ-1 Isolated from an Anaerobic Sludge

Jian-Shen Zhao, Annamaria Halasz, Louise Paquet, Chantale Beaulieu, and Jalal Hawari*

Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada

Received 15 May 2002/ Accepted 9 August 2002

In previous work, we found that an anaerobic sludge efficiently degraded hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), but the role of isolates in the degradation process was unknown. Recently, we isolated a facultatively anaerobic bacterium, identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae strain SCZ-1, using MIDI and the 16S rRNA method from this sludge and employed it to degrade RDX. Strain SCZ-1 degraded RDX to formaldehyde (HCHO), methanol (CH3OH) (12% of total C), carbon dioxide (CO2) (72% of total C), and nitrous oxide (N2O) (60% of total N) through intermediary formation of methylenedinitramine (O2NNHCH2NHNO2). Likewise, hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX) was degraded to HCHO, CH3OH, and N2O (16.5%) with a removal rate (0.39 µmol · h-1 · g [dry weight] of cells-1) similar to that of RDX (0.41 µmol · h-1 · g [dry weight] of cells-1) (biomass, 0.91 g [dry weight] of cells · liter-1). These findings suggested the possible involvement of a common initial reaction, possibly denitration, followed by ring cleavage and decomposition in water. The trace amounts of MNX detected during RDX degradation and the trace amounts of hexahydro-1,3-dinitroso-5-nitro-1,3,5-triazine detected during MNX degradation suggested that another minor degradation pathway was also present that reduced NO2 groups to the corresponding NO groups.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Ave., Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada. Phone: (514) 496-6267. Fax: (514) 496-6265. E-mail: jalal.hawari{at}nrc.ca.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2002, p. 5336-5341, Vol. 68, No. 11
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.11.5336-5341.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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