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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2002, p. 5580-5584, Vol. 68, No. 11
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.11.5580-5584.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Presence of a Single Genotype of the Newly Described Species Mycobacterium immunogenum in Industrial Metalworking Fluids Associated with Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Richard J. Wallace, Jr.,1* Yansheng Zhang,1 Rebecca W. Wilson,1,2 Linda Mann,1 and Harold Rossmoore3

Departments of Microbiology,1 Pathology, The University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas,2 Biosan Laboratories, Warren, Michigan3

Received 13 May 2002/ Accepted 1 August 2002

Outbreaks of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) among industrial metal-grinding machinists working with water-based metalworking fluids (MWF) have frequently been associated with high levels of mycobacteria in the MWF, but little is known about these organisms. We collected 107 MWF isolates of mycobacteria from multiple industrial sites where HP had been diagnosed and identified them to the species level by a molecular method (PCR restriction enzyme analysis [PRA]). Their genomic DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns, as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), were compared to those of 15 clinical (patient) isolates of the recently described rapidly growing mycobacterial species Mycobacterium immunogenum. A total of 102 of 107 (95%) MWF isolates (from 10 industrial sites within the United States and Canada) were identified as M. immunogenum and gave PRA patterns identical to those of the clinical isolates. Using genomic DNA, PFGE was performed on 80 of these isolates. According to RFLP analysis using the restriction enzymes DraI and XbaI, 78 of 80 (98%) of the MWF isolates represented a single clone. In contrast, none of the 15 clinical isolates had genetic patterns the same as or closely related to those of any of the others. Given the genomic heterogeneity of clinical isolates of M. immunogenum, the finding that a single genotype was present at all industrial sites is remarkable. This suggests that this genotype possesses unusual features that may relate to its virulence and its potential etiologic role in HP and/or to its resistance to biocides frequently used in MWF.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: The University of Texas Health Center, Department of Microbiology, 11937 U.S. Hwy. 271, Tyler, TX 75708. Phone: (903) 877-7680. Fax: (903) 877-7652. E-mail: Richard.Wallace{at}uthct.edu.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2002, p. 5580-5584, Vol. 68, No. 11
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.11.5580-5584.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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