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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2002, p. 5773-5778, Vol. 68, No. 11
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.11.5773-5778.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

High-Frequency Rugose Exopolysaccharide Production by Vibrio cholerae

Afsar Ali, Mohammed H. Rashid, and David K. R. Karaolis*

Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201

Received 24 June 2002/ Accepted 20 August 2002

Vibrio cholerae can shift to a "rugose" phenotype, thereby producing copious exopolysaccharide (EPS), which promotes its environmental survival and persistence. We report conditions that promote high-frequency rugose EPS production (HFRP), whereby cells switch at high frequency (up to 80%) to rugose EPS production. HFRP appeared to be more common in clinical strains, as HFRP was found in 6 of 19 clinical strains (32%) (including classical, El Tor, and non-O1 strains) but in only 1 of 16 environmental strains (6%). Differences were found between strains in rugose colony morphology, conditions promoting HFRP, the frequency of rugose-to-smooth (R-S) cell reversion, and biofilm formation. We propose that rugose EPS and HFRP provide an evolutionary and adaptive advantage to specific epidemic V. cholerae strains for increased persistence in the environment.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201. Phone: (410) 706-4718. Fax: (410) 706-4581. E-mail: karaolis{at}umaryland.edu.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2002, p. 5773-5778, Vol. 68, No. 11
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.11.5773-5778.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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