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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2002, p. 1436-1439, Vol. 68, No. 3
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.3.1436-1439.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Isolation and Genotyping of Helicobacter pylori from Untreated Municipal Wastewater
Yingzhi Lu,1 Thomas E. Redlinger,1* Raquel Avitia,1 Adriana Galindo,1 and Karen Goodman2
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas 79968,1
Houston School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 779022
Received 10 October 2001/
Accepted 17 December 2001
For this study, we isolated Helicobacter pylori from wastewater by a series of steps beginning with immunomagnetic separation and cell culture. After Gram staining and three standard microbial tests, the 16S rRNA sequences of a total of 23 out of 37 putative H. pylori isolates were verified by PCR. Eleven H. pylori isolates were genotyped and fell into four vacA classes: those with the vacA allelic variants s1a and m1, s1b and m1, s2 and m2, or s2 and m1. Most H. pylori isolates were of the vacA s1a/m1 type, which has been shown to be associated with advanced diseases based on genotyping of H. pylori from gastric cancer patients. These results demonstrated that H. pylori survives in water and may be a potential source of H. pylori transmission, especially where water is not adequately treated.
* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas, El Paso, TX 79968. Phone: (915) 747-6995. Fax: (915) 747-5808. E-mail:
thomasr{at}utep.edu.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2002, p. 1436-1439, Vol. 68, No. 3
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.3.1436-1439.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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