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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2002, p. 1690-1696, Vol. 68, No. 4
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.4.1690-1696.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

NAD(P)H:Flavin Mononucleotide Oxidoreductase Inactivation during 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Reduction

R. Guy Riefler1* and Barth F. Smets2

Department of Civil Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701,1 Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Programs, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-20372

Received 24 August 2001/ Accepted 3 January 2002

Bacteria readily transform 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), a contaminant frequently found at military bases and munitions production facilities, by reduction of the nitro group substituents. In this work, the kinetics of nitroreduction were investigated by using a model nitroreductase, NAD(P)H:flavin mononucleotide (FMN) oxidoreductase. Under mediation by NAD(P)H:FMN oxidoreductase, TNT rapidly reacted with NADH to form 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, whereas 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene were not produced. Progressive loss of activity was observed during TNT reduction, indicating inactivation of the enzyme during transformation. It is likely that a nitrosodinitrotoluene intermediate reacted with the NAD(P)H:FMN oxidoreductase, leading to enzyme inactivation. A half-maximum constant with respect to NADH, KN, of 394 µM was measured, indicating possible NADH limitation under typical cellular conditions. A mathematical model that describes the inactivation process and NADH limitation provided a good fit to TNT reduction profiles. This work represents the first step in developing a comprehensive enzyme level understanding of nitroarene biotransformation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Civil Engineering, Ohio University, 137 Stocker Center, Athens, OH 45701. Phone: (740) 593-1471. Fax: (740) 593-0625. E-mail: riefler{at}ohio.edu.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2002, p. 1690-1696, Vol. 68, No. 4
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.4.1690-1696.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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