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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 2002, p. 2745-2753, Vol. 68, No. 6
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.6.2745-2753.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Siderophore Typing, a Powerful Tool for the Identification of Fluorescent and Nonfluorescent Pseudomonads

Jean-Marie Meyer,1* Valérie A. Geoffroy,1 Nader Baida,2 Louis Gardan,3 Daniel Izard,2 Philippe Lemanceau,4 Wafa Achouak,5 and Norberto J. Palleroni6

Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Génétique, CNRS/Université Louis-Pasteur FRE 2326, 67000 Strasbourg, France,1 Service de Microbiologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, 59006 Lille, France,2 Unité de Pathologie Végétale et Phytobactériologie, INRA, 49071 Beaucouzé, France,3 CMSE-INRA, UMR INRA/Université de Bourgogne, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France,4 CEA/Cadarache, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne de la Rhizosphère, UMR 163, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France,5 Biochemistry and Microbiology Department, Rutgers University-Cook College, New Brunswick, New Jersey6

Received 23 October 2001/ Accepted 28 February 2002

A total of 301 strains of fluorescent pseudomonads previously characterized by conventional phenotypic and/or genomic taxonomic methods were analyzed through siderotyping, i.e., by the isoelectrophoretic characterization of their main siderophores and pyoverdines and determination of the pyoverdine-mediated iron uptake specificity of the strains. As a general rule, strains within a well-circumscribed taxonomic group, namely the species Pseudomonas brassicacearum, Pseudomonas fuscovaginae, Pseudomonas jessenii, Pseudomonas mandelii, Pseudomonas monteilii, "Pseudomonas mosselii," "Pseudomonas palleronii," Pseudomonas rhodesiae, "Pseudomonas salomonii," Pseudomonas syringae, Pseudomonas thivervalensis, Pseudomonas tolaasii, and Pseudomonas veronii and the genomospecies FP1, FP2, and FP3 produced an identical pyoverdine which, in addition, was characteristic of the group, since it was structurally different from the pyoverdines produced by the other groups. In contrast, 28 strains belonging to the notoriously heterogeneous Pseudomonas fluorescens species were characterized by great heterogeneity at the pyoverdine level. The study of 23 partially characterized phenotypic clusters demonstrated that siderotyping is very useful in suggesting correlations between clusters and well-defined species and in detecting misclassified individual strains, as verified by DNA-DNA hybridization. The usefulness of siderotyping as a determinative tool was extended to the nonfluorescent species Pseudomonas corrugata, Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis, Pseudomonas graminis, and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, which were seen to have an identical species-specific siderophore system and thus were easily differentiated from one another. Thus, the fast, accurate, and easy-to-perform siderotyping method compares favorably with the usual phenotypic and genomic methods presently necessary for accurate identification of pseudomonads at the species level.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Génétique-ULP, 28 rue Goethe, 67000 Strasbourg, France. Phone: 33 (0)3 90 24 18 12. Fax: 33 (0)3 90 24 20 28. E-mail: meyer{at}gem.u-strasbg.fr.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 2002, p. 2745-2753, Vol. 68, No. 6
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.6.2745-2753.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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