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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2002, p. 4095-4101, Vol. 68, No. 8
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.8.4095-4101.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Chlorxanthomycin, a Fluorescent, Chlorinated, Pentacyclic Pyrene from a Bacillus sp.{dagger}

Andrew Magyarosy,1 Jonathan Z. Ho,2 Henry Rapoport,2 Scott Dawson,3 Joe Hancock,3 and Jay D. Keasling1*

Departments of Chemical Engineering,1 Chemistry,2 Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-14623

Received 4 February 2002/ Accepted 25 April 2002

A gram-positive Bacillus sp. that fluoresces yellow under long-wavelength UV light on several common culture media was isolated from soil samples. On the basis of carbon source utilization studies, fatty acid methyl ester analysis, and 16S ribosomal DNA analysis, this bacterium was most similar to Bacillus megaterium. Chemical extraction yielded a yellow-orange fluorescent pigment, which was characterized by X-ray crystallography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The fluorescent compound, chlorxanthomycin, is a pentacyclic, chlorinated molecule with the molecular formula C22H15O6Cl and a molecular weight of 409.7865. Chlorxanthomycin appears to be located in the cytoplasm, does not diffuse out of the cells into the culture medium, and has selective antibiotic activity.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1462. Phone: (510) 642-4862. Fax: (510) 643-1228. E-mail: keasling{at}socrates.berkeley.edu.

{dagger} This article is dedicated to the memory of Henry Rapoport.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2002, p. 4095-4101, Vol. 68, No. 8
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.8.4095-4101.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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