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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2002, p. 4672-4675, Vol. 68, No. 9
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.9.4672-4675.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Enzymatic Degradation of Chlorodiamino-s-Triazine

Jennifer L. Seffernick,1,2 Nir Shapir,3,4 Michael Schoeb,3 Gilbert Johnson,1 Michael J. Sadowsky,2,3,4 and Lawrence P. Wackett1,2,3*

Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics,1 Biotechnology Institute,3 Center for Microbial and Plant Genomics,2 Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 551084

Received 5 April 2002/ Accepted 27 June 2002

2-Chloro-4,6-diamino-s-triazine (CAAT) is a metabolite of atrazine biodegradation in soils. Atrazine chlorohydrolase (AtzA) catalyzes the dechlorination of atrazine but is unreactive with CAAT. In this study, melamine deaminase (TriA), which is 98% identical to AtzA, catalyzed deamination of CAAT to produce 2-chloro-4-amino-6-hydroxy-s-triazine (CAOT). CAOT underwent dechlorination via hydroxyatrazine ethylaminohydrolase (AtzB) to yield ammelide. This represents a newly discovered dechlorination reaction for AtzB. Ammelide was subsequently hydrolyzed by N-isopropylammelide isopropylaminohydrolase to produce cyanuric acid, a compound metabolized by a variety of soil bacteria.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Ave., University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108. Phone: (612) 625-3785. Fax: (612) 625-1700. E-mail: wackett{at}biosci.cbs.umn.edu.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2002, p. 4672-4675, Vol. 68, No. 9
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.9.4672-4675.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Seffernick, J. L., Aleem, A., Osborne, J. P., Johnson, G., Sadowsky, M. J., Wackett, L. P. (2007). Hydroxyatrazine N-Ethylaminohydrolase (AtzB): an Amidohydrolase Superfamily Enzyme Catalyzing Deamination and Dechlorination. J. Bacteriol. 189: 6989-6997 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Shapir, N., Mongodin, E. F., Sadowsky, M. J., Daugherty, S. C., Nelson, K. E., Wackett, L. P. (2007). Evolution of Catabolic Pathways: Genomic Insights into Microbial s-Triazine Metabolism. J. Bacteriol. 189: 674-682 [Full Text]  


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