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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2003, p. 6793-6800, Vol. 69, No. 11
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.11.6793-6800.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Microbial Community Dynamics Associated with Rhizosphere Carbon Flow

Jessica L. Butler,1,{dagger} Mark A. Williams,1,{ddagger} Peter J. Bottomley,1,2 and David D. Myrold1*

Departments of Crop and Soil Science,1 Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 973312

Received 7 April 2003/ Accepted 1 September 2003

Root-deposited photosynthate (rhizodeposition) is an important source of readily available carbon (C) for microbes in the vicinity of growing roots. Plant nutrient availability is controlled, to a large extent, by the cycling of this and other organic materials through the soil microbial community. Currently, our understanding of microbial community dynamics associated with rhizodeposition is limited. We used a 13C pulse-chase labeling procedure to examine the incorporation of rhizodeposition into individual phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in the bulk and rhizosphere soils of greenhouse-grown annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. var. Gulf). Labeling took place during a growth stage in transition between active root growth and rapid shoot growth on one set of plants (labeling period 1) and 9 days later during the rapid shoot growth stage on another set of plants (labeling period 2). Temporal differences in microbial community composition were more apparent than spatial differences, with a greater relative abundance of PLFAs from gram-positive organisms (i15:0 and a15:0) in the second labeling period. Although more abundant, gram-positive organisms appeared to be less actively utilizing rhizodeposited C in labeling period 2 than in labeling period 1. Gram-negative bacteria associated with the 16:1{omega}5 PLFA were more active in utilizing 13C-labeled rhizodeposits in the second labeling period than in the first labeling period. In both labeling periods, however, the fungal PLFA 18:2{omega}6,9 was the most highly labeled. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of using 13C labeling and PLFA analysis to examine the microbial dynamics associated with rhizosphere C cycling by focusing on the members actively involved.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 3017 Agricultural and Life Science Building, Corvallis, OR 97331-7306. Phone: (541) 737-5737. Fax: (541) 737-5725. E-mail: David.Myrold{at}oregonstate.edu.

{dagger} Present address: Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01366.

{ddagger} Present address: University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30606.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2003, p. 6793-6800, Vol. 69, No. 11
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.11.6793-6800.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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