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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 2003, p. 7216-7223, Vol. 69, No. 12
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.12.7216-7223.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Diversity of Bacteria Associated with Natural Aphid Populations

S. Haynes,1,{dagger} A. C. Darby,1,{ddagger} T. J. Daniell,2 G. Webster,3,§ F. J. F. van Veen,4 H.C.J. Godfray,4 J. I. Prosser,3 and A. E. Douglas1*

Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5YW,1 NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, England,4 Plant-Soil Interactions, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA,2 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Aberdeen Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD,Scotland3

Received 6 June 2003/ Accepted 22 September 2003

The bacterial communities of aphids were investigated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments generated by PCR with general eubacterial primers. By both methods, the {gamma}-proteobacterium Buchnera was detected in laboratory cultures of six parthenogenetic lines of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum and one line of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, and one or more of four previously described bacterial taxa were also detected in all aphid lines except one of A. pisum. These latter bacteria, collectively known as secondary symbionts or accessory bacteria, comprised three taxa of {gamma}-proteobacteria (R-type [PASS], T-type [PABS], and U-type [PAUS]) and a rickettsia (S-type [PAR]). Complementary analysis of aphids from natural populations of four aphid species (A. pisum [n = 74], Amphorophora rubi [n = 109], Aphis sarothamni [n = 42], and Microlophium carnosum [n = 101]) from a single geographical location revealed Buchnera and up to three taxa of accessory bacteria, but no other bacterial taxa, in each aphid. The prevalence of accessory bacterial taxa varied significantly among aphid species but not with the sampling month (between June and August 2000). These results indicate that the accessory bacterial taxa are distributed across multiple aphid species, although with variable prevalence, and that laboratory culture does not generally result in a shift in the bacterial community in aphids. Both the transmission patterns of the accessory bacteria between individual aphids and their impact on aphid fitness are suggested to influence the prevalence of accessory bacterial taxa in natural aphid populations.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biology, University of York, P.O. Box 373, York YO10 5YW, England. Phone: 44-1904-328610. Fax: 44-1904-432860. E-mail: aed2{at}york.ac.uk.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Biomolecular Sciences, UMIST, Manchester M60 IQD, England.

{ddagger} Present address: Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin EH25 9RG, Scotland.

§ Present address: Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3TL, Wales.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 2003, p. 7216-7223, Vol. 69, No. 12
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.12.7216-7223.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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