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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2003, p. 1143-1153, Vol. 69, No. 2
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.2.1143-1153.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analyses of Pyoverdin Siderophores Differentiate among Phytopathogenic Fluorescent Pseudomonas Species

Alain Bultreys,1* Isabelle Gheysen,1 Bernard Wathelet,2 Henri Maraite,3 and Edmond de Hoffmann4

Département de Biotechnologie, Centre de Recherches Agronomiques de Gembloux, Ministère de la Région Wallonne, Direction Générale de l'Agriculture,1 Unité de Chimie Biologique et Industrielle, Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, B-5030 Gembloux,2 Unité de Phytopathologie ,3 Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium4

Received 22 July 2002/ Accepted 14 November 2002

The relationship of pyoverdins produced by 41 pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae and by phytopathogenic Pseudomonas species was investigated. A high-performance liquid chromatography method for analyzing the culture medium proved to be superior to isoelectric focusing for detecting pyoverdin production, for differentiating slightly different pyoverdins, and for differentiating atypical from typical Fe(III)-chelated pyoverdins. Nonfluorescent strains were found in Pseudomonas amygdali, Pseudomonas meliae, Pseudomonas fuscovaginae, and P. syringae. Pseudomonas agarici and Pseudomonas marginalis produced typical pyoverdins. Among the arginine dihydrolase-negative fluorescent Pseudomonas species, spectral, amino acid, and mass spectrometry analyses underscored for the first time the clear similarities among the pyoverdins produced by related species. Within this group, the oxidase-negative species Pseudomonas viridiflava and Pseudomonas ficuserectae and the pathovars of P. syringae produced the same atypical pyoverdin, whereas the oxidase-positive species Pseudomonas cichorii produced a similar atypical pyoverdin that contained a glycine instead of a serine. The more distantly related species Pseudomonas asplenii and Pseudomonas fuscovaginae both produced a less similar atypical pyoverdin. The spectral characteristics of Fe(III)-chelated atypical pyoverdins at pH 7.0 were related to the presence of two ß-hydroxyaspartic acids as iron ligands, whereas in typical pyoverdins one of the ligands is always ornithine based. The peptide chain influenced the chelation of iron more in atypical pyoverdins. Our results demonstrated that there is relative pyoverdin conservation in the amino acids involved in iron chelation and that there is faster evolution of the other amino acids, highlighting the usefulness of pyoverdins in systematics and in identification.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Département de Biotechnologie, Centre de Recherches Agronomiques de Gembloux, 234 Chaussée de Charleroi, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. Phone: (32) 81 62 73 88. Fax: (32) 81 62 73 99. E-mail: bultreys{at}cra.wallonie.be.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2003, p. 1143-1153, Vol. 69, No. 2
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.2.1143-1153.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Jones, A. M., Lindow, S. E., Wildermuth, M. C. (2007). Salicylic Acid, Yersiniabactin, and Pyoverdin Production by the Model Phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000: Synthesis, Regulation, and Impact on Tomato and Arabidopsis Host Plants. J. Bacteriol. 189: 6773-6786 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bultreys, A., Gheysen, I., de Hoffmann, E. (2006). Yersiniabactin Production by Pseudomonas syringae and Escherichia coli, and Description of a Second Yersiniabactin Locus Evolutionary Group.. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 3814-3825 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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