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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2003, p. 2389-2394, Vol. 69, No. 4
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.4.2389-2394.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Molecular Characterization of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal Isolated from Water and the Aquatic Plant Eichhornia crassipes in the River Ganga, Varanasi, India

R. Bhanumathi,1 F. Sabeena,1 Sree Renjini Isac,1 B. N. Shukla,2 and D. V. Singh1*

Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala,1 Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India2

Received 2 July 2002/ Accepted 13 November 2002

A collection of ten strains of Vibrio cholerae O139, comprising six isolates from Eichhornia crassipes, two from water of the River Ganga, and one each from a well and a hand pump, were characterized. All the strains carried the CTX genetic element (ctxA, zot, and ace) except for the st gene and carried structural and regulatory genes for toxin-coregulated pilus (tcpA, tcpI, and toxR), adherence factor (ompU), and accessory colonization factor (acfB); all produced cholera toxin (CT). These strains were resistant to trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, and to the vibriostatic agent pteridine. Results obtained by ribotyping and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-PCR fingerprint analysis indicate that multiple clones of toxigenic-pathogenic V. cholerae O139 were present in the aquatic environment.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P.O., Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India. Phone: 91 471 345 899. Fax: 91 471 348 096. E-mail: durg-singh{at}mailcity.com.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2003, p. 2389-2394, Vol. 69, No. 4
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.4.2389-2394.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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