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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2003, p. 2773-2785, Vol. 69, No. 5
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.5.2773-2785.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Predictability of Vibrio cholerae in Chesapeake Bay

Valérie R. Louis,1 Estelle Russek-Cohen,2 Nipa Choopun,1 Irma N. G. Rivera,1,3 Brian Gangle,1 Sunny C. Jiang,4 Andrea Rubin,3 Jonathan A. Patz,5 Anwar Huq,1 and Rita R. Colwell1,6*

Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21202,1 Department of Animal and Avian Sciences,2 Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742,6 Microbiology Department, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,3 Environmental Analysis and Design, University of California, Irvine, California 92697,4 Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 212055

Received 22 August 2002/ Accepted 5 February 2003

Vibrio cholerae is autochthonous to natural waters and can pose a health risk when it is consumed via untreated water or contaminated shellfish. The correlation between the occurrence of V. cholerae in Chesapeake Bay and environmental factors was investigated over a 3-year period. Water and plankton samples were collected monthly from five shore sampling sites in northern Chesapeake Bay (January 1998 to February 2000) and from research cruise stations on a north-south transect (summers of 1999 and 2000). Enrichment was used to detect culturable V. cholerae, and 21.1% (n = 427) of the samples were positive. As determined by serology tests, the isolates, did not belong to serogroup O1 or O139 associated with cholera epidemics. A direct fluorescent-antibody assay was used to detect V. cholerae O1, and 23.8% (n = 412) of the samples were positive. V. cholerae was more frequently detected during the warmer months and in northern Chesapeake Bay, where the salinity is lower. Statistical models successfully predicted the presence of V. cholerae as a function of water temperature and salinity. Temperatures above 19°C and salinities between 2 and 14 ppt yielded at least a fourfold increase in the number of detectable V. cholerae. The results suggest that salinity variation in Chesapeake Bay or other parameters associated with Susquehanna River inflow contribute to the variability in the occurrence of V. cholerae and that salinity is a useful indicator. Under scenarios of global climate change, increased climate variability, accompanied by higher stream flow rates and warmer temperatures, could favor conditions that increase the occurrence of V. cholerae in Chesapeake Bay.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 701 E. Pratt St., Baltimore, MD 21202. Phone: (703) 292-8000. Fax: (703) 292-9232. E-mail: colwell{at}umbi.umd.edu.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2003, p. 2773-2785, Vol. 69, No. 5
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.5.2773-2785.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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