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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2003, p. 4511-4518, Vol. 69, No. 8
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.8.4511-4518.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Isolation and Characterization of Campylobacter Bacteriophages from Retail Poultry

Robert J. Atterbury, Phillippa L. Connerton, Christine E. R. Dodd, Catherine E. D. Rees, and Ian F. Connerton*

Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom

Received 9 January 2003/ Accepted 27 May 2003

The ability of phages to survive processing is an important aspect of their potential use in the biocontrol of Campylobacter in poultry production. To this end, we have developed a procedure to recover Campylobacter bacteriophages from chilled and frozen retail poultry and have validated the sensitivity of the method by using a characterized Campylobacter phage (i.e., NCTC 12674). By using this method, we have shown that Campylobacter phages can survive on retail chicken under commercial storage conditions. Retail chicken portions purchased in the United Kingdom were screened for the presence of endogenous Campylobacter phages. Thirty-four Campylobacter bacteriophages were isolated from 300 chilled retail chicken portions, but none could be recovered from 150 frozen chicken portions. The phage isolates were characterized according to their lytic profiles, morphology, and genome size. The free-range products were significantly more likely to harbor phages (P < 0.001 by single-factor analysis of variance) than were standard or economy products. This study demonstrates that Campylobacter bacteriophages, along with their hosts, can survive commercial poultry processing procedures and that the phages exhibited a wide range of recovery rates from chicken skin stored at 4°C.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom. Phone: 44-115-9516161. Fax: 44-115-9516162. E-mail: ian.connerton{at}nottingham.ac.uk.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2003, p. 4511-4518, Vol. 69, No. 8
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.8.4511-4518.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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