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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2003, p. 4777-4787, Vol. 69, No. 8
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.8.4777-4787.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Yeast Genome-Wide Expression Analysis Identifies a Strong Ergosterol and Oxidative Stress Response during the Initial Stages of an Industrial Lager Fermentation

Vincent J. Higgins,1,2* Anthony G. Beckhouse,2 Anthony D. Oliver,3 Peter J. Rogers,3 and Ian W. Dawes1,2

Clive and Vera Ramaciotti Centre for Gene Function Analysis,1 School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052,2 Carlton & United Breweries, Ltd., Abbotsford, Victoria 2067, Australia3

Received 13 December 2002/ Accepted 2 June 2003

Genome-wide expression analysis of an industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the initial stages of an industrial lager fermentation identified a strong response from genes involved in the biosynthesis of ergosterol and oxidative stress protection. The induction of the ERG genes was confirmed by Northern analysis and was found to be complemented by a rapid accumulation of ergosterol over the initial 6-h fermentation period. From a test of the metabolic activity of deletion mutants in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, it was found that ergosterol is an important factor in restoring the fermentative capacity of the cell after storage. Additionally, similar ERG10 and TRR1 gene expression patterns over the initial 24-h fermentation period highlighted a possible interaction between ergosterol biosynthesis and the oxidative stress response. Further analysis showed that erg mutants producing altered sterols were highly sensitive to oxidative stress-generating compounds. Here we show that genome-wide expression analysis can be used in the commercial environment and was successful in identifying environmental conditions that are important in industrial yeast fermentation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia. Phone: 61 2 9385 1832. Fax: 61 2 9385 1050. E-mail: v.higgins{at}unsw.edu.au.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2003, p. 4777-4787, Vol. 69, No. 8
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.8.4777-4787.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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