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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2003, p. 5453-5462, Vol. 69, No. 9
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.9.5453-5462.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Colonization of Flax Roots and Early Physiological Responses of Flax Cells Inoculated with Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Strains of Fusarium oxysporum

Chantal Olivain, Sophie Trouvelot, Marie-Noëlle Binet, Christelle Cordier, Alain Pugin, and Claude Alabouvette*

INRA-CMSE, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France

Received 17 January 2003/ Accepted 10 June 2003

Fusarium oxysporum includes nonpathogenic strains and pathogenic strains that can induce necrosis or tracheomycosis in plants. The objective of this study was to compare the abilities of a pathogenic strain (Foln3) and a nonpathogenic strain (Fo47) to colonize flax roots and to induce early physiological responses in flax cell culture suspensions. Both strains colonized the outer cortex of the root; however, plant defense reactions, i.e., the presence of wall appositions, osmiophilic material, and collapsed cells, were less frequent and less intense in a root colonized by Foln3 than by Fo47. Early physiological responses were measured in flax cell suspensions confronted with germinated microconidia of both strains. Both pathogenic (Foln3) and nonpathogenic strains (Fo47) triggered transient H2O2 production in the first few minutes of the interaction, but the nonpathogenic strain also induced a second burst 3 h postinoculation. Ca2+ influx was more intense in cells inoculated with Fo47 than in cells inoculated with Foln3. Similarly, alkalinization of the extracellular medium was higher with Fo47 than with Foln3. Inoculation of the fungi into flax cell suspensions induced cell death 10 to 20 h postinoculation, with a higher percentage of dead cells observed with Fo47 than with Foln3 beginning at 14 h. This is the first report showing that early physiological responses of flax cells can be used to distinguish pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of the soil-borne fungus F. oxysporum.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: INRA-CMSE, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France. Phone: 33-380693041. Fax: 33-380693224. E-mail: ala{at}inra.dijon.fr.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2003, p. 5453-5462, Vol. 69, No. 9
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.9.5453-5462.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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