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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2004, p. 5875-5881, Vol. 70, No. 10
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.10.5875-5881.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Chthoniobacter flavus gen. nov., sp. nov., the First Pure-Culture Representative of Subdivision Two, Spartobacteria classis nov., of the Phylum Verrucomicrobia

Parveen Sangwan,1 Xiaolei Chen,1 Philip Hugenholtz,2 and Peter H. Janssen1*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,1 U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California2

Received 17 March 2004/ Accepted 7 June 2004

The phylum Verrucomicrobia is increasingly recognized as an environmentally significant group of bacteria, particularly in soil habitats. At least six subdivisions of the Verrucomicrobia are resolved by comparative analysis of 16S rRNA genes, mostly obtained directly from environmental samples. To date, only two of these subdivisions (1 and 4) have characterized pure-culture representatives. We have isolated and characterized the first known pure-culture representative of subdivision 2. Strain Ellin428 is an aerobic heterotrophic bacterium that is able to grow with many of the saccharide components of plant biomass but does not grow with amino acids or organic acids other than pyruvate. Cells are yellow, rod-shaped, nonmotile, and gram-stain negative, and they contain peptidoglycan with direct cross-linkages of the A1{gamma} meso-Dpm type. The isolate grows well at 25°C on a variety of standard biological media, including some used in the routine cultivation of bacteria from soil. The pH range for growth is 4.0 to 7.0. Low levels of menaquinones MK-10 and MK-11 were detected. The major cellular fatty acids are C14:0, a-C15:0, C16:1{omega}7c, and/or 2OH i-C15:0, and C16:0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA is 61 mol%. We propose a new genus and species, Chthoniobacter flavus gen. nov., sp. nov., with isolate Ellin428 as the type strain, and a new class for the subdivision to which it belongs, Spartobacteria classis nov. Environmental sequences indicate that the class Spartobacteria is largely represented by globally distributed, abundant, and active soil bacteria.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. Phone: 61 (3) 8344-5706. Fax: 61 (3) 9347-1540. E-mail: pjanssen{at}unimelb.edu.au.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2004, p. 5875-5881, Vol. 70, No. 10
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.10.5875-5881.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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