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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2004, p. 704-711, Vol. 70, No. 2
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.2.704-711.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Single-Stranded RNA Virus Infecting the Bloom-Forming Diatom Rhizosolenia setigera

Keizo Nagasaki,1* Yuji Tomaru,2 Noriaki Katanozaka,3,{dagger} Yoko Shirai,1 Kensho Nishida,1 Shigeru Itakura,1 and Mineo Yamaguchi1

National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Hiroshima 739-0452,1 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-8471,2 SDS Biotech K.K.,Tsukuba 300-2646, Japan3

Received 8 September 2003/ Accepted 27 October 2003

A novel single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus specifically infecting the bloom-forming diatom Rhizosolenia setigera (R. setigera RNA virus [RsRNAV]) was isolated from Ariake Sea, Japan. Viral replication occurred within the cytoplasm, and the virus particle was icosahedral, lacked a tail, and was 32 nm in diameter on average. The major nucleic acid extracted from the RsRNAV particles was an ssRNA molecule 11.2 kb in length, although smaller RNA molecules (0.6, 1.2, and 1.5 kb) were occasionally observed. The major structural proteins of RsRNAV were 41.5, 41.0, and 29.5 kDa. Inter- and intraspecies host specificity tests revealed that RsRNAV is not only species specific but also strain specific and that its intraspecies host specificity is diverse among virus clones. The latent period of RsRNAV was 2 days, and the burst sizes were 3,100 and 1,010 viruses per host cell when viruses were inoculated into the host culture at the exponential and stationary growth phases, respectively, at 15°C under a 12-h-12-h light-dark cycle of ca. 110 µmol of photons m-2 s-1 with cool white fluorescent illumination. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the biological properties of a virus infecting a diatom. Further studies on RsRNAV will be helpful in understanding the ecological relationship between diatoms and viruses in nature.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 2-17-5 Maruishi, Ohno, Saeki, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan. Phone: 81 829 55 0666. Fax: 81 829 54 1216. E-mail: nagasaki{at}affrc.go.jp.

{dagger} Present address: Hitec Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2004, p. 704-711, Vol. 70, No. 2
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.2.704-711.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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