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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2004, p. 891-899, Vol. 70, No. 2
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.2.891-899.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Genetic Diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in Captive Reptiles

Lihua Xiao,1* Una M. Ryan,2 Thaddeus K. Graczyk,3 Josef Limor,1 Lixia Li,1 Mark Kombert,4 Randy Junge,4 Irshad M. Sulaiman,1 Ling Zhou,1 Michael J. Arrowood,1 Bretislav Koudela,5 David Modry,5 and Altaf A. Lal1

Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341,1 State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia,2 Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205,3 Saint Louis Zoo, St. Louis, Missouri 63110,4 Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic5

Received 9 April 2003/ Accepted 6 August 2003

The genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium in reptiles was analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis of the small subunit rRNA gene. A total of 123 samples were analyzed, of which 48 snake samples, 24 lizard samples, and 3 tortoise samples were positive for Cryptosporidium. Nine different types of Cryptosporidium were found, including Cryptosporidium serpentis, Cryptosporidium desert monitor genotype, Cryptosporidium muris, Cryptosporidium parvum bovine and mouse genotypes, one C. serpentis-like parasite in a lizard, two new Cryptosporidium spp. in snakes, and one new Cryptosporidium sp. in tortoises. C. serpentis and the desert monitor genotype were the most common parasites and were found in both snakes and lizards, whereas the C. muris and C. parvum parasites detected were probably the result of ingestion of infected rodents. Sequence and biologic characterizations indicated that the desert monitor genotype was Cryptosporidium saurophilum. Two host-adapted C. serpentis genotypes were found in snakes and lizards.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Parasitic Diseases, Mail Stop F-12, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy., Atlanta, GA 30341. Phone: (770) 488-4840. Fax: (770) 488-4454. E-mail: lxiao{at}cdc.gov.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2004, p. 891-899, Vol. 70, No. 2
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.2.891-899.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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