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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2005, p. 6077-6085, Vol. 71, No. 10
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.10.6077-6085.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Intestinal Bacterial Communities That Produce Active Estrogen-Like Compounds Enterodiol and Enterolactone in Humans

Thomas Clavel,1,2 Gemma Henderson,1 Carl-Alfred Alpert,1 Catherine Philippe,2 Lionel Rigottier-Gois,2 Joël Doré,2 and Michael Blaut1*

German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Nuthetal, Germany,1 Unité d'Ecologie et de Physiologie du Système Digestif, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France2

Received 7 March 2005/ Accepted 2 June 2005

Lignans are dietary diphenolic compounds which require activation by intestinal bacteria to exert possible beneficial health effects. The intestinal ecosystem plays a crucial role in lignan metabolism, but the organisms involved are poorly described. To characterize the bacterial communities responsible for secoisolariciresinol (SECO) activation, i.e., the communities that produce the enterolignans enterodiol (ED) and enterolactone (EL), a study with 24 human subjects was undertaken. SECO activation was detected in all tested fecal samples. The intestinal bacteria involved in ED production were part of the dominant microbiota (6 x 108 CFU g–1), as revealed by most-probable-number enumerations. Conversely, organisms that catalyzed the formation of EL occurred at a mean concentration of approximately 3 x 105 CFU g–1. Women tended to have higher concentrations of both ED- and EL-producing organisms than men. Significantly larger amounts of EL were produced by fecal dilutions from individuals with moderate to high concentrations of EL-producing bacteria. Two organisms able to demethylate and dehydroxylate SECO were isolated from human feces. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, they were named Peptostreptococcus productus SECO-Mt75m3 and Eggerthella lenta SECO-Mt75m2. A new 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe specific for P. productus and related species was designed and further used in fluorescent in situ hybridization experiments, along with five additional group-specific probes. Significantly higher proportions of P. productus and related species (P = 0.012), as well as bacteria belonging to the Atopobium group (P = 0.035), were typical of individuals with moderate to high concentrations of EL-producing communities.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 155, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany. Phone: 49(0)3320088470. Fax: 49(0)3320088407. E-mail: blaut{at}mail.dife.de.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2005, p. 6077-6085, Vol. 71, No. 10
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.10.6077-6085.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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