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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2005, p. 7172-7177, Vol. 71, No. 11
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.11.7172-7177.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Effect of Oxidation Rate and Fe(II) State on Microbial Nitrate-Dependent Fe(III) Mineral Formation

John M. Senko,1,{dagger} Thomas A. Dewers,2 and Lee R. Krumholz1*

Department of Botany and Microbiology and Institute for Energy and the Environment,1 School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 730192

Received 30 March 2005/ Accepted 16 July 2005

A nitrate-dependent Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium was isolated and used to evaluate whether Fe(II) chemical form or oxidation rate had an effect on the mineralogy of biogenic Fe(III) (hydr)oxides resulting from nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation. The isolate (designated FW33AN) had 99% 16S rRNA sequence similarity to Klebsiella oxytoca. FW33AN produced Fe(III) (hydr)oxides by oxidation of soluble Fe(II) [Fe(II)sol] or FeS under nitrate-reducing conditions. Based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fe(III) (hydr)oxide produced by oxidation of FeS was shown to be amorphous, while oxidation of Fe(II)sol yielded goethite. The rate of Fe(II) oxidation was then manipulated by incubating various cell concentrations of FW33AN with Fe(II)sol and nitrate. Characterization of products revealed that as Fe(II) oxidation rates slowed, a stronger goethite signal was observed by XRD and a larger proportion of Fe(III) was in the crystalline fraction. Since the mineralogy of Fe(III) (hydr)oxides may control the extent of subsequent Fe(III) reduction, the variables we identify here may have an effect on the biogeochemical cycling of Fe in anoxic ecosystems.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, 770 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019. Phone: (405) 325-0437. Fax: (405) 325-7619. E-mail: krumholz{at}ou.edu.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 212 Sackett Building, University Park, PA 16802.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2005, p. 7172-7177, Vol. 71, No. 11
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.11.7172-7177.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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