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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 2005, p. 8292-8300, Vol. 71, No. 12
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.12.8292-8300.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Bleeding Sap and Old Wood Are the Two Main Sources of Contamination of Merging Organs of Vine Plants by Xylophilus ampelinus, the Causal Agent of Bacterial Necrosis

S. Grall,1 C. Roulland,2 J. Guillaumès,1 and C. Manceau1*

UMR Pathologie Végétale INRA-INH-Université d'Angers, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre d'Angers, 42 rue Georges Morel, F-49071 Beaucouzé Cedex,1 Station Viticole, Bureau National Interprofessionnel de Cognac, 69 rue de Bellefonds, F-16100 Cognac, France2

Received 21 December 2004/ Accepted 2 August 2005

The spatial distribution of vine plants contaminated by Xylophilus ampelinus, the agent responsible for bacterial necrosis, was studied over a 5-year period within two vineyards in the Cognac area. Both vineyards were planted with Vitis vinifera cv. Ugni blanc but were different in age and agronomic location. The emission of X. ampelinus in contaminated bleeding sap was observed during vine sprouting. Contaminated bleeding sap is an important source of inoculum for external contamination due to the high susceptibility of young merging shoots to the pathogen. X. ampelinus emission by bleeding sap was not affected by the age of the plants or the location of the vineyards. However, its emission was irregular with time, and it varied between two fruit canes from individual plants and between plants as well as between years. Moreover, the two vineyards appeared to be entirely contaminated. Consequently, the behavior of the pathogen is not predictable. The distribution of the pathogen inside vine plant organs was analyzed through the four growing seasons. The old wood was contaminated throughout the year and constituted a stock inoculum for endophytic contamination of crude sap during the winter and the spring. Despite the fact that most of the young green shoots were contaminated in May, X.ampelinus was not found in green shoots in June and September, refuting the hypothesis of an epiphytic life of the pathogen under natural conditions. Although all plants were entirely contaminated in both vineyards, symptoms were rare and were observed on different plants each year.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: UMR PaVé, Centre INRA d'Angers, 42 rue Georges Morel, BP 60071, F-49071 Beaucouzé Cedex, France. Phone: 33 241 22 57 40. Fax: 33 241 22 57 05. E-mail: manceau{at}angers.inra.fr.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 2005, p. 8292-8300, Vol. 71, No. 12
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.12.8292-8300.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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