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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2005, p. 1553-1561, Vol. 71, No. 3
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.3.1553-1561.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Coexistence of Bacterial Sulfide Oxidizers, Sulfate Reducers, and Spirochetes in a Gutless Worm (Oligochaeta) from the Peru Margin

Anna Blazejak,1 Christer Erséus,2,{dagger} Rudolf Amann,1 and Nicole Dubilier1,{dagger}*

Max Planck Institute of Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany,1 Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden2

Received 22 March 2004/ Accepted 1 October 2004

Olavius crassitunicatus is a small symbiont-bearing worm that occurs at high abundance in oxygen-deficient sediments in the East Pacific Ocean. Using comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization, we examined the diversity and phylogeny of bacterial symbionts in two geographically distant O. crassitunicatus populations (separated by 385 km) on the Peru margin (water depth, ~300 m). Five distinct bacterial phylotypes co-occurred in all specimens from both sites: two members of the {gamma}-Proteobacteria (Gamma 1 and 2 symbionts), two members of the {delta}-Proteobacteria (Delta 1 and 2 symbionts), and one spirochete. A sixth phylotype belonging to the {delta}-Proteobacteria (Delta 3 symbiont) was found in only one of the two host populations. Three of the O. crassitunicatus bacterial phylotypes are closely related to symbionts of other gutless oligochaete species; the Gamma 1 phylotype is closely related to sulfide-oxidizing symbionts of Olavius algarvensis, Olavius loisae, and Inanidrilus leukodermatus, the Delta 1 phylotype is closely related to sulfate-reducing symbionts of O. algarvensis, and the spirochete is closely related to spirochetal symbionts of O. loisae. In contrast, the Gamma 2 phylotype and the Delta 2 and 3 phylotypes belong to novel lineages that are not related to other bacterial symbionts. Such a phylogenetically diverse yet highly specific and stable association in which multiple bacterial phylotypes coexist within a single host has not been described previously for marine invertebrates.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Max Planck Institute of Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. Phone: 49 421 2028932. Fax: 49 421 2028580. E-mail: ndubilie{at}mpi-bremen.de.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Zoology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2005, p. 1553-1561, Vol. 71, No. 3
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.3.1553-1561.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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