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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2005, p. 1598-1609, Vol. 71, No. 3
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.3.1598-1609.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Genomic Analysis of Bacteriophage {Phi}JL001: Insights into Its Interaction with a Sponge-Associated Alpha-Proteobacterium{dagger}

Jayme E. Lohr, Feng Chen, and Russell T. Hill*

Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, Maryland

Received 31 March 2004/ Accepted 9 October 2004

Bacteriophage {Phi}JL001 infects a novel marine bacterium in the {alpha} subclass of the Proteobacteria isolated from the marine sponge Ircinia strobilina. {Phi}JL001 is a siphovirus and forms turbid plaques on its host. The genome sequence of {Phi}JL001 was determined in order to better understand the interaction between the marine phage and its sponge-associated host bacterium. The complete genome sequence of {Phi}JL001 comprised 63,469 bp with an overall G+C content of 62%. The genome has 91 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), and 17 ORFs have been assigned putative functions. {Phi}JL001 appears to be a temperate phage, and the integrase gene was identified in the genome. DNA hybridization analysis showed that the {Phi}JL001 genome does not integrate into the host chromosome under the conditions tested. DNA hybridization experiments therefore suggested that {Phi}JL001 has some pseudolysogenic characteristics. The genome of {Phi}JL001 contains many putative genes involved in phage DNA replication (e.g., helicase, DNA polymerase, and thymidylate synthase genes) and also contains a putative integrase gene associated with the lysogenic cycle. Phylogeny based on DNA polymerase gene sequences indicates that {Phi}JL001 is related to a group of siphoviruses that infect mycobacteria. Designation of {Phi}JL001 as a siphovirus is consistent with the morphology of the phage visualized by transmission electron microscopy. The unique marine phage-host system described here provides a model system for studying the role of phages in sponge microbial communities.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Center of Marine Biotechnology, Columbus Center Suite 236, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202. Phone: (410) 234-8883. Fax: (410) 234-8896. E-mail: hillr{at}umbi.umd.edu.

{dagger} Contribution no. 04-611 from the Center of Marine Biotechnology.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2005, p. 1598-1609, Vol. 71, No. 3
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.3.1598-1609.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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